Acknowledgement.

Alhamdulillah, everything is going smoothly. Thanks to Allah SWT, for giving me the opportunity to complete this Final Year Project which is title Practice of DSM for Commercial Buildings (Female Hostel UniKL BMI). This final year project report was prepared for Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute for student in final year to complete the undergraduate program that leads to the degree of Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Hons) in Electrical.

Firstly, I would like to express my deepest thanks to Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad, a lecturer at Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute and also assign as my supervisor who had guided in a lot of task during two semesters session 2013/2014. I also want to thanks the lecturers and staffs of Electrical Section and Student Services Department UniKL BMI for their cooperation during I complete the final year project that had given valuable information, suggestions and guidance in the completion and preparation this final year project report. 

Finally, thank to my dear family that supports  in various field such as fund, idea and moral in completing this project. 

P/s: Yeay !

12 May - 18 May 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 18 May 2014

Salam,

For this week, the hardware that I will bring on FYP presentation should be done before Friday (16 June). FYP poster is printed after checking by Miss Norhafiza.

FYP Poster

I should drill the hole for screw and cable for 3pin plug. Mr. Azman (Technician at Level 1) lend me a drill point.

Driller machine at FYP room

Drill acrylic 

The outcome

Cable 3 pin plus

Done !

There are two holder lamps. The first one is for LED tube light and the second one is for fluorescent tube light with 3 pin plug.

P/s: Thank you.

5 May - 11 May 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 11 May 2014

Salam,

For this week, costing will be calculated. The costing is includes:

• material cost (i.e: LED tube light, fluorescent tube light)
• power cost every year
• total lamp faulty
• total lamp from level 1 - level 4

LED Tube Light

Material Cost

The price for 1 pcs LED tube light is RM40. The LED tube light as shown below:

LED tube light Type 1

On FYP 1, the price is RM 60. But it is different type of LED tube light. The type as shown below:

LED tube light Type 2

 However, LED tube light Type 1 is more suitable to the areas at female hostel UniKL BMI. The certain areas are corridor, wash room, dry room, and toilet. Therefore, the material cost is RM40 per tube light.

Power Cost 

Regarding to power cost at day 14, the total power cost is RM 1.710983. Therefore, the power cost per day is RM 0.122213071 per day.

Power cost per month:

RM 0.122213071 x 30 = RM 3.66639213

Power cost per year:

RM 3.66639213 x 12 = RM 43.99670556

Therefore, this is the total power cost per year for 1 pcs LED tube light.

Total Lamp Faulty

Average for per year for lamps faulty is 83 pcs tube light.

Therefore, the cost for lamps faulty is:

83 x RM 40 = RM 3 320

Total Lamp from Level 1 - Level 4

Total lamp for every level

The total lamp for every level is 42. Therefore, the total lamp from level 1 until level 4 is:

42 x 4 = 168 pcs tube light

For the first year, LED tube light should take the 168 pcs tube light costing. This is due to change the fluorescent tube light to LED tube light.Therefore, the costing is:

168 x RM 40 = RM 6 720

Total Cost

For the first year, 168 pcs tube light costing should be includes in material cost. Therefore, calculation for material as shown below:

RM 6 730 + RM 3 320 = RM 10 040

Power cost for 168 tube light per year:

168 x RM 43.99670556 = RM 7 391.446534

The total cost for first year is:

RM 10 040 + RM 7 391.446534 = RM 17 431.44653

The total cost for second year is:

RM 17 431.44653 - RM 6 720 = RM 10 711.44653

For the second year, 168 pcs tube light costing is not include. Similar to third, fourth and fifth year.

Fluorescent Tube Light

Material Cost

The material cost for fluorescent is RM5 per tube light.

OSRAM Brand

Power Cost

Regarding to power cost at day 14, the total power cost is RM 4.9013876. Therefore, power cost per day is RM 0.350099114 per day.

Power cost per month:

RM 0.350099114 x 30 = RM 10.50297343

Power cost per year:

RM 10.50297343 x 12 = RM 126.0356811

Therefore, this is total power cost per year for 1 pcs fluorescent tube light.

Total Lamp Faulty

Average for per year for lamps faulty is 83 pcs tube light.

Therefore, the cost for lamps faulty is:

83 x RM 5 = RM 415

However, regarding to Encik Wan Remeli, everytime maintenance repair the lamps, the starter also will be change. Therefore, the lamp faulty costing should be add with starter costing. Starter costing is:

83 x RM 1.5 = 124.5

Total costing for lamp faulty is:

RM 415 + RM 124.5 = RM 539.5

Total Cost

Power cost for 168 pcs fluorescent tube light per year is:

RM 126.0356811 x 168 = RM 21 173.99442

Total cost for lamp faulty is RM 539.5 per year.

Total cost for fluorescent tube light per year is:

RM 21 173.99442 + RM 539.5 = RM 21 173.49442

Therefore, this is the total cost per year by using fluorescent tube light.

Comparison

Expenditure

Table above shows the comparison expenditure for fluorescent and LED tube light for 5 years. By using a LED tube light, BMI is able to save RM 11 020. 04789 per year. Only for the first year, BMI should invest more to material cost to replace the fluorescent tube light to LED tube light. 

Even it is a small amount, but it still able to reduce electricity bill on BMI. 

P/s: Presentation is coming soon.

28 April - 4 May 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 4 May 2014

Salam,

For this week, the lamps faulty data has been tabulated. Referring for the last year (FYP1), the lamps faulty is only for year 2013. Therefore, 5 years lamps faulty from year 2009 until 2013 data has been taken to calculate the average lamp faulty for every year.

2009

Graph for year 2009

2010

Graph for year 2010

2011

Graph for year 2011

2012

Graph for year 2012

2013

Graph for year 2013

The table and graph above shows the total for every month by year. As the conclusion to be conclude, the lamps faulty report is increase when student start a new semester.

Total for 5 years

Graph for 5 years

Calculation for average lamps per year

Therefore, the average lamps faulty for every year is 83 tube light. The data will be includes in costing calculation.


P/s: Next entry is about costing.

21 April - 27 April 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 27 April 2014

Salam,

For this week, the data for LED tube light has been tabulated. And the data will be compare with TNB tariff similar with fluorescent tube light.

Power Cost from Mini Ammeter

Discrepancy power cost

Comparison table

Graph for TNB Tariff and Mini ammeter data

Graph for percentage comparison

The total data for mini ammeter has been calculated by using the formula similar with fluorescent tube light. The percentage of comparison is also less than 1%. Therefore, the data is reliable to use.


P/s: Thank you.

14 April - 20 April 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 20 April 2014

Salam,

For this week, LED tube light data will be collected. The duration is also 14 days. However, I'm start collect the data on 16 June at 4p.m.

Electricity Consumption

Electricity Consumption

Power Cost

The picture above shows the electricity consumption (EC)  and power cost (PC) for LED at day 4. The EC is 1.5758kWh and PC is RM 0.49. This is due to the decimal places for mini ammeter is only two. Actually, 1.5758kWh x 0.31 = RM 0.488498.

The data will be plus with the discrepancy calculation similar with fluorescent tube light. The data will be tabulated.


P/s: LED electricity consumption is 50% less than fluorescent tube light.

7 April - 13 April 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 13 April 2014

Salam,

For this week, the data for fluorescent tube light has been tabulated. And the result will be compare with TNB tariif.

Power Cost from Mini Ammeter

Discrepancy power cost for each day

To calculate the discrepancy power cost for each day, the formula as shown below:

Discrepancy power cost formula 

To calculate the total data power cost for each day, the formula as shown below:

Total data power cost

To calculate the power cost by using TNB tariff, the formula as shown below:

Power cost TNB Tariff

After that, the all data will be tabulated in one table.

Table for fluorescent

The graph for TNB tariff power cost and total data power cost as shown below:

Graph for fluorescent 

Graph for percentage of comparison

The percentage is less than 1%, therefore the data from mini ammeter is reliable to use.


P/s: LED data will be collected.

31 March - 6 April 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 6 April 2014

Salam, 

This week, I'm start to collect the data for fluorescent tube light for 14 days which is two weeks. I will collect the data for each day at 12a.m. It begin at 12a.m on 31 March until 14 April 2014. The data is collected from multifunctional mini ammeter. Electricity consumption and power cost will collected. However, the tariff is RM0.31 while TNB tariff is RM0.312. Therefore, the discrepancy is RM0.002. 

To ensure the data that I've been collected is reliable, the comparison will be shows in graph after finish the data collected process. The comparison is between TNB tariff and mini ammeter tariff (+discrepancy calculation).

EC is Electricity Consumption while PC is Power Cost. The decimal place is only two for PC. The result for each day will be tabulated.

P/s: Stay Tuned.

17 March - 23 March 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 23 March 2014

Salam,

This week, I should calculate lumen per watt. There is a simple formula and the bulb's lumen is the most important data. The formula as shown below:

Lm/w = Bulb's lumen / bulb's wattage

LED lm/w:

Bulb's lumen = 1000 lm
Bulb's wattage = 16 w

Lm/w = 1000 / 16 = 62.5 lm

1 w = 62.5 lm

Fluorescent lm/w:

Bulb's lumen = 2400 lm
Bulb's wattage = 36 w

Lm/w = 2400 / 36 = 66.67 lm

1 w = 66.67 lm

Unfortunately, the sq. ft for room is not measure yet and the info for lumen per sq. ft is still not found. That's all for this week.

Suruhanjaya Tenaga headquarters

P/s : Stay tuned.

10 March - 16 March 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 16 March 2014

Salam,

On this week, I have reschedule the time on data collection for LED and fluorescent. I am supposed to collect the data within 30 days for each lamp. Due to semester break and the presentation day, I've decide to cut the days. I will collect the data for each lamp within 14 days (2 weeks). The data includes energy consumption and power cost.

Tariff from mini multifunction meter is not similar with standard tariff in Malaysia. The tariff is 0.31 while in Malaysia is 0.312. Therefore, some calculation will be done to ensure the total of power cost is follows Malaysia's tariff.

I will show the calculation after the data collection is done.

The Energy Commission's Diamond Building

The Energy Commission's Diamond Building or known as Suruhanjaya Tenaga headquarters located at Precint 2, Putrajaya.

This is the first office building in Malaysia to obtain the Green Building Index platinum rating and the first building outside Singapore to obtain the island state's Green Mark platinum rating.

What is the point and what is the building done as a green building ?

I will share the story on the other entry.



P/s : Stay tuned, buds.

3 March - 9 March 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 9 March 2014

Salam,

This week I will upload the video that I've made to shows the brightness of LED tube light and fluorescent.

The fluorescent tube light got the flickering. Which is the lamp is blinking a few second before it is fully operates.

LED tube light is more bright than fluorescent. I didn't noticed that I am not record the starting moment for LED tube light. I will upload another on next post.

For the next task, I will calculate the lumens for a certain area by using a formula. And I've already meet Miss Norhafiza to shows my progress (on Wednesday, 5p.m)


P/s: Enjoy the video, pals.

24 February - 2 March 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 2 March 2014

Salam,

This week I've test the efficiency of multifunction mini ammeter towards LED tube light and fluorescent. Since my lamp holder for LED has been repaired, I will test the multifunction mini ammeter. Besides that, I will share the connection LED tube light holder.

LED tube light holder is similar to fluorescent tube light holder. It only requires to remove the magnetic ballast and starter. If you using an electronic ballast, only remove the ballast. I will post the circuit diagram for LED tube light holder.

Circuit diagram

I've follow the circuit diagram instruction to replace LED tube light using fluorescent holder. The real picture as shown below.

Remove ballast connection (short the ballast)

Connect to 3-pin plug

After done the proses above, close the lamp holder and remove the stater to plug LED tube light. Next, the LED tube light will be tested to measure the watt consumption. The result as shown below.

LED tube light watt consumption

I've also test fluorescent tube light to measure the watt consumption. The result as shown above.

Fluorescent tube light watt consumption

Due to the magnetic ballast, the watt consumption is high than actual wattage which is the actual wattage is 36w. From my reading, magnetic ballast use 5%-10% from the actual wattage. For example:

10/100 x 36 = 3.6w

36 + 3.6 = 39.6w

But, it depends on the power factor of the ballast. Sometimes, the power factor can be 0.5 which is very low and consume a high wattage. Because of that, the wattage can be 40-45w per bulb. 

Compare than LED tube light do not use a magnetic ballast even starter. Therefore, the watt consumption is lower than fluorescent.

That's all for this week. The video for the lamp will be upload later.

Stay tuned !

P/s : Think and thinking.

17 February - 23 February 2014

To: Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From: Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date: 23 February 2014

Salam,

This week I have done tabulate the data that Encik Wan Remeli B. Wan Jusoh given to me. The data that I collect from "Buku Laporan Kerosakkan Asrama Perempuan" is roughly which is I only take the faulty of lighting. Encik Wan Remeli doesn't the report from January to December 2014. Therefore, he gives me the book to collect by myself. There is the table that I already done.

Statistics lighting faulty table

I already summarize the data given which is the data are complete with the reason and date report. However, I also tabulate the data on other table.

Graph from the table

The graph is shows the month from January to December and the total light has been damage. The conclusion that I can conclude on this graph is, when students start a new semester, the report regarding to the light faulty is higher.

There is a requisition from student to check all the light at stairs. However, the repaired process taking a longer time. Sometimes, it take two-three weeks to repairs the light.

The problem encountered for this week is the LED tube light holder is still not function. And I am not able to measure the wattage.

An interesting progress will be posted later.

P/s: LED tube light is more "green". More "green", less air-conditioning.

10 February - 16 February 2014

To : Miss Norhafiza Bt Mohamad

From : Ruhidayu Bt Mohd Yusof

Date : 16 February 2014

Salam,

This week I already buy fluorescent tube light and LED tube light at Jalan Pasar. The price for LED tube light is RM 60 and fluorescent tube light is RM 4 which is cheaper than LED tube light.  Actually, the cheaper LED tube light is able at the shop but unfortunately, they didn't have any stock. So, I just buy the expensive one. 

LEB tube light

This is LED tube light that I've buy. The tube light is using SMD LED module. It is type of LED module that use Surface-mounted Technology (SMT) to mount LED chips on printed circuit board (PCB). SMT is a method for producing electronic circuits in which the components are mounted. 

SMD LED module

Installation LED tube light instruction

The LED tube light does not require ballast and starter. It use the same lamp holder like fluorescent but the magnetic ballast and starter are removed. 

Comparison table

The table above shows the comparison between LED tube light and fluorescent. The life span of LED tube light is longer than fluorescent. 

LED tube light features

Lamp holder

The ballast and starter for LED tube light holder has been removed. Unfortunately, LED tube light is not function because "pop" sounds heard when the switch is ON. So, this is become my problem encountered for this week. There is something wrong with my lamp holder. The connection might be wrong.

Therefore, my plan for next week is go to Jalan Pasar. Second, I will key in the data that Encik Wan Rameli B Wan Juson (warden at UniKL BMI) give, regarding to the maintenance on lamp at Female Hostel.

I also can't measure the wattage for LED tube light. Wattage for fluorescent has been recorded and will posted later.

P/s: Save the energy. Save more, pay less.